Summary Of The Negro Artist And The Radical Mountain By...

Langston Hughes has made many accomplishments that most people couldn’t make. It was a great challenge for colored people to express their feelings without going through a lot of trouble. Hughes was successful in expressing he feelings. Considering the fact that he was half Caucasian and half African American, he wasn’t treated the way he was supposed to. So he wanted to do something about it and change the course of history. On June 23, 1926, Hughes published a stunning essay called â€Å"The Negro Artist and the Radical Mountain.† This essay captured the philosophy behind art and radical problems faced by black artists. In essence, he talks about how a young Negro poet did not want to be recognized as a â€Å"Negro poet.† Instead, he wanted to†¦show more content†¦We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesnt matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too. The tom-tom cries and the tom-tom laughs. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesnt matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves.† Hughes clarifies how colored people should pay more attention to their own beauty. Hughes sums up the life and thoughts of young negroes’ like the young poet he described at the beginning of his essay. Another great work of art by Langston Hughes was a poem called â€Å"Harlem Sweeties.† He uses the term â€Å"sugar hill† and different shades of food to illustrate the personality and beauty of the melanated people of Harlem. Some of these examples include descriptions such as coffee and cream, chocolate, walnut tinted, coco brown, and many more. In another poem called â€Å"My People,† Langston illustrates how wonderful his people are. He express es the beauty of his people by talking about the beautiful night. Not only does Hughes describe the people of Harlem in his poem, he also demonstrates the struggles in his life that he had to deal with. Hughes has a white

Poetry Essay Poetry - 1917 Words

Poetry Essay Poetry. A literary element mainly designated to impose feelings and emotions upon the reader themselves. Not only is poetry just some writing on a piece of paper, it conveys the charm and the drive for those who truly enjoy literature. Poetry builds the canvas and then begin to paint the masterpiece by using several different literary and poetic elements to trigger the imagination of the reader and have their minds run wild envisioning the work being presented right in front of their eyes, through words. Poetry for many may be thought of as just rhyming but rather there is a much deeper and more developed meaning to why and how it is written. In her work, â€Å"You’re in the dark, in the car†, Claudia Rankine shows the audience a†¦show more content†¦As it states, â€Å"Hello darkness my old friend / I’ve come to talk with you again† is used to provide the idea for the audience that the beginning of the song is to show a sense of re-encountering w ith the past, and in normal cases meeting up with a friend may be a delight but for Simon and Garfunkel they are meeting up with darkness once again. This implies the speaker had a rough past and has hit the all-time low they were once at long back in the day. But not only is it used for a tone setting, many authors connect rhymes so that there is a relation between the words and an image that is drawn in the mind. For example, as the song progresses there’s â€Å"a vision softly creeping / left its seeds while I was sleeping† that connects the words sleeping and creeping to envision that one will creep around when there is someone sleeping and resting their head, which will allow them to sneak freely without that individual knowing. Throughout the entire song, every word at the end of the line rhymes with the following ending word to continue the mood and setting while finding relation and allowing pictures to be drawn and formed. However not all poems need to have a rhyme embedded within the literary work. Upon reading the poem written by Claudia Rankine, the reader can take several notes that there is not one rhyme within the entire passage. Many see it unusual and question why and how it is even a poem, but the answer is very simplistic andShow MoreRelatedPoetry Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesPoems on Poetry Essay In the poems ‘How to Eat a Poem’ by Eve Merriam and ‘Introduction to Poetry’ by Billy Collins, important ideas are presented about how poetry should be experienced and enjoyed. The poets used the techniques extended metaphor, repetition, metaphors and personification to show me how these ideas is important. In ‘How to Eat a Poem’ by Eve Merriam, the author describes how poetry is to be experienced. Poetry doesn’t need any manners and has no rules. â€Å"Don’t be polite /Read More The Poetry of Paz Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature possesses a multitude of forms similar to poetry. It adheres to the human emotion as well as the human senses: sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch. Poems have the ability to express a story whether it be literal or metaphoric regardless of its length text wise. However, through the author’s use of imagery and diction, the reader is subject to envisioning and capturing the image purposefully being conveyed. In the eyes of renowned poet and essayist, including many other occupation titlesRead MoreEssay on Death in Poetry1592 Words   |  7 PagesDeath in Poetry Numerous themes are found in poetry. One recurring theme that we have encountered this year is death. It is the main focus of Stevens The Emperor of Ice-Cream, Frosts After Apple-Picking, and Whitmans The Wound-Dresser and is hinted at in many other poems. This essay will discuss how the different poets treat the subject differently in relation to various aspects of composition, such as style, form, theme, tone, imagery, metaphor, and diction. Whitman describesRead MorePoetry essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿How does the poet vividly convey ideas concerning the influence that nature has upon man? Compare and Contrast at least two poets from cluster one giving detailed close analysis throughout. (Comparison of ‘Overlooking the River Stour’ by Thomas Hardy and ‘Landscape’ by Michael Longley.) Equally ‘Overlooking the River Stour’ by Thomas Hardy and ‘Landscape’ by Michael Longley portray to the reader that nature can consume and influence mans’ behaviour. They also both highlight how easily thingsRead More Apology for Poetry Essay1900 Words   |  8 PagesAn â€Å"Apology for Poetry† is a compelling essay refuting the attack on poetry by Puritan and fundamentalist Stephen Gosson. This complex article written by Sir Phillip Sidney represents the decisive rebuttal defending poetry. His strong emotive passages defend the uncongenial comments of poetry from Gosson. Although, his justification for the rebuttal is alluded to Gosson’s durable attacks on poetry; it is known Gosson’s remarks prompt Sidney’s attitude to defend not only against Gosson but as wellRead MoreComparison Poetry Essay2397 Words   |  10 PagesPoetry Essay Each one of the poems offers a unique view upon love. The first poem by Robert Herrick, To the Virgins to make much of Time, focuses upon the idea of carpe diem. The poem stresses the idea of marriage while love and flesh are still young and believes this gift of virginity to be a great waste if not given while it is still desirable. Marvell also uses the carpe diem theme to his poem ‘To His Coy Mistress,’ however with three certain sections within the poem. The first part elaboratesRead MorePoetry Essay Prompt2545 Words   |  11 PagesAP Literature Poetry Essay Prompts (1970–2011) 1970 Poem: â€Å"Elegy for Jane† (Theodore Roethke) Prompt: Write an essay in which you describe the speakers attitude toward his former student, Jane. 1971 Poem: â€Å"The Unknown Citizen† (W.H. Auden) Prompt: In a brief essay, identify at least two of the implications implicit in the society reflected in the poem. Support your statements by specific references to the poem. 1972 NO POEM 1973 (exam not available) 1974 Poem: â€Å"I wonder whether one expectsRead MoreA Comparison of Poetry Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of Poetry In this essay two poems will be juxtaposed. One of the poems is called My parents kept me from children who were rough. This poem was written by Stephen Spender. Stephen Spender was greatly admired for his work and was knighted in 1983. He lived in the 20th century and died 22 years after W H Auden in 1995 .The second poem chosen is called Funeral Blues and was written by W H Auden. W H Auden was a greatly respected homosexual poet who livedRead MoreAnalyzing the Elements of Poetry Essay849 Words   |  4 Pagesfor this essay I thought that there was going to be very little that I would learn about the elements of poetry. This is not because I am an expert and have nothing new to learn, but rather the opposite. I have never really spent the time to break down and appreciate poetry. One of the reasons I think that I haven’t spent the time on poetry is due to my reading habits. I usually read to gather information and poetry is on the other end of the spectrum. Fredrick Gruber sums this up, â€Å"Poetry tends toRead MorePoetry Comparative Essay Guide1500 Words   |  6 PagesWriting A Good Comparative Essay – GCSE Poetry You will be asked to compare two or more poems in your exam. You could be asked to write about the presentation of themes, people or places and the importance of language. A good comparative essay is like a multi-layered sandwich: †¢ BREAD - A new point. †¢ FILLING A - How one of your chosen poems illustrates this point. †¢ FILLING B - How your other chosen poem illustrates this point. †¢ BREAD - Your conclusion about this point. This is what the examiners

Compare And Contrast Ancient Egypt And India - 745 Words

It’s 1500 BC and you are face-to-face with your enemy in battle. Its Egypt versus India. You are a soldier in each of these civilizations, who will survive, you or him? What will you use to make sure it is you? Will it be a cudgel from Ancient Egypt or maybe a throwing stick? Maybe it will be a bow and arrow from Ancient India or a sword made with Damascus steel. In the next paragraphs I will introduce you to the weapons used during battle in Ancient Egypt and Ancient India. I will show you the similarities and the differences between the two ancient civilizations and which one had better weapons. Both civilizations used bows and arrows as their main weapon. They also used swords, daggers, battle axes, and maces. Chariots were used by†¦show more content†¦India’s weapons were often influenced by their religion. I think the ancient indian weaponry was better. One of my reasons that I think that Ancient India is better is because their weaponry was more advanced than Ancient Egypt. Egypt’s weapons were made mostly of wood and stone and were very basic compared to India’s weaponry which was made of the finest metals and most expensive metals like gold and bronze. India also put expensive jewels on their weaponry. Egypt was a very peaceful farming civilization until they were invaded by the Hyksos. Once they were invaded they had to modify their weapons and often copied their enemies weaponry. Their weaponry was not their own creation it was often copied from other civilizations. India had a strong history of warfare. They fought among their own groups as well as with other civilizations. They were advanced with their weaponry because they needed to constantly improve it because they were always at war. They created the damascus sword which was the strongest and sharpest metal a vailable back then. Other civilizations imported damascus metal to make their own weapons. India also used elephants covered in armor in battle which no other civilization used. Using an elephant covered in armor in warfare was like using a tank in today’s modern warfare. Egypt did not have anything close to India’s elephants. They used very basic chariots that they copied from the Hyksos. So now you have all that information, what is theShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Ancient India and Egypt Combined Politics and Religion628 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and Contrast ancient India and Egypt combined politics and religion Through history, religion has shaped civilizations in several aspects. In ancient Indian and Egyptian civilizations it was very strong shaping force in political structures, but both the religious beliefs and the resulting political system were different, just like pharaohs were different from rajas. The way Egyptians and Indians blended religion with politics bears certain similarities. First of all, the central role ofRead MoreAncient Greek Architecture : The Doric Style And The Ionic Design Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesThere are three types of columns found in ancient Greek architecture but two of the three columns are: The Doric style and the Ionic design The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily. The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands. 2). The ushabti (also called shabti or shawabtiRead MoreWhat Aspects Of Human Life Remain The Same Across All Three Groups2974 Words   |  12 Pagesprotection. 6. Explain the difference between the social hierarchy and the patriarchal society of ancient Mesopotamia. Patriarchal society the parents make there children marriage arragements and social hirarchy don t. 7. What were the political, economic, and social significance of cuneiform writing in Mesopotamia and the surrounding areas? Believed in gods and people had rulers. 8. Compare and contrast the economic history of the Hebrews and the Phoenicians. The Phoenician culture was extremely tradeRead MoreMesopotamia and Egypt Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Both have many significant similarities and differences. I would like to compare some important points in four common categories. I will compare and contrast the geography and its impact, the political structure of each society, the importance of their existing class structures and finally the role of women in these dynamic civilizations. Mesopotamia and Egypt were both in flood basins of major riversRead MoreThe Hellenistic Period Essay example1157 Words   |  5 Pages The death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC marks the beginning of the Hellenistic Period and covers 300 years to the invasion of Egypt by the Romans. The word Hellenic refers only to the Greeks, but the term Hellenistic refers to `the Greek-influenced societies that arose in the wake of Alexanders conquest (Sacks, 105). The Hellenistic world extended from Greece all the way to Afghanistan and resulted in the beginning of the mass spreading of Greek culture. Its central characteristics were theRead MoreA History of World in Six Glasses Essay2701 Words   |  11 PagesA History of the Word in Six Glasses Beer in Mesopotamia and Egypt (Chapter 1 and 2) How might beer have influenced the transition from hunting and gathering to agricultural-based societies. Beer might have/had influenced the transition from hunting and gathering to agricultural-based societies. One way beer could have done this was that after the discovery of beer, the demand for beer began to increase. With increase demand for beer, farming would increase taking away time to hunt and gatherRead MoreAncient Religions And The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay2345 Words   |  10 Pages Ancient Religions of the Mesopotamians, the People of the Indus Valley, the Egyptians And the Epic of Gilgamesh The dictionary tells us that religion is a set of beliefs relating to the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs. Where do we get information to study about ancient religions? The easiest would be from writings, but in some cases there is no documentationRead MoreChina And Japan During The Age Of Imperialism2077 Words   |  9 Pagesargumentative essay. The type of essay is comparative; you must compare and contrast specific aspect of two nations (or cultural zones) in two different time periods. Topic: Transformations in Political Structures. Both countries experienced revolutions as a reaction to colonization attempts. Page 686 SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Choose ONE topic. This is the â€Å"frame of reference† of the â€Å"context† within which you will compare and contrast two nations/periods. - The idea and/or practice of revolutionRead MoreThe Contrast and Comparison Between the Ancient Greeks and Romans1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe ancient Greeks and Roman civilizations both began their histories with the emergence of city states. Both of these civilizations made contributions to the Middle East. The Greeks had made a wild spread of discoveries on several fields. This included astronomy by Ptolemy, geometry by Euclid, and the philosophy of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius of his Stoic philosophy. Because the Greeks were widely known as a creative and prestigious race, the Romans were influenced by the Iliad (Homer’s legendaryRead MoreAncient Greece, Rome, And Persian Essay2093 Words   |  9 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the similarities and differences of these civilizations. These civilizations will be analyzed in the area of their cultural, social, political, economic, diplomatic and military collating. Greece, Rome, and Persian are very distinctive and fascinating civilization. From the information I have learned through the semester will help me sharply juxtapose the cultures. Western civilization was the birthplace of Ancient Greek Culture (Athens University

Happiness Is The Ultimate Value Of Your Life - 1344 Words

Happiness. A word that seems so simple, but can be so hard to find. Everybody seems to revolve their world around â€Å"happiness.† However, we all have different views and ideas on what happiness may be. Some people believe that money and materials may bring them happiness, but in my opinion, happiness can be defined as the end value of your life that pleasurable moments, faith, and living in the moment can lead up to, just as my friend Tanna lived. Let’s take a deeper look into views of happiness that connect to my belief of what happiness is. Aristotle is a Greek philosopher and scientist who believes happiness is a final end or goal that encompasses the totality of one’s life. It is not something that can be gained nor lost in a few†¦show more content†¦Although many of us claim to a certain religion, there are some that do not, such as atheists. This does not mean that they cannot achieve happiness. Perhaps, they just have different beliefs, as Richard Carried describes: I believe in many things. I believe in the potential of humanity, in the power of reason, in the comfort of love, and in the value of truth. I also believe in the beauty and joy of human experience, and the nearly unlimited power of the human will to endure almost any hardship or solve almost any problem. I believe that faith can mislead people into falsehood, and that we need reason and doubt as necessary checks against our capacity for error. I believe that we need to allow our fellow human beings to make choices for themselves and to live the life they wish to, in mutual peace and goodwill. I believe that political negotiation and compromise -- fuelled by an honest measure of respect for different opinions, beliefs and lifestyles -- is the only way the world will find universal peace and goodwill, and that using the scientific method is the only way the world can arrive at an agreement on the truth about anything. I believe that it is better to preach the gospel of be good to your fellow man, and love each other as life itself, than to preach the gospel of believe in our religion or be damned. For it is better to be good to each other and to build on what we all agree to be true, than to insist that we allShow MoreRelatedAristotle Living a Human Life/Human Nature1638 Words   |  7 PagesLiving a human life/human nature Aristotle was a man of philosophy, science, and mathematics. He used these three tools to explain what he thought the purpose of being a human being was, and just what being a human being entailed. To describe what a human being was, he came up with many theories, which involved friendship, happiness, and human nature. He also believed that not everyone was a perfect human, meaning, there were things an individual must do throughout his or her life to achieve becomingRead MoreSimilarity Between Religion And Utilitarianism813 Words   |  4 Pagesare judged according to their consequences and the relevant consequence of every action is happiness. There is a similarity between religion and utilitarianism. For example, love includes wanting happiness and religious principles such as loving others the way you love yourself and doing to others what you expect them to you are founded on utilitarian principles. The ultimate goal for a utilitarian is happiness, which is also the main ob jective of religion. Utilitarian ethics replicates the main religiousRead MoreThe Challenges Of Leading A Good Life1691 Words   |  7 Pagesleading a good life can be quite difficult for one to achieve. This is even harder to do when left to one’s own will to find the ultimate good for a virtuous life. Without God in our lives, there is really no hope of finding the good life, as people all try to fill the void in their lives. Then why has the Christian faith in God’s good work changed to that of the new church of self-prosperity? For without God people would keep climbing the ladder to what they feel should be the ultimate good, but comingRead MoreHow Do People Indicate Money Versus Happiness?867 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant in this life. Humans spend most their life time just to make money. An average person works 8 to 10 hours daily, and many people even work tirelessly, sacrificing both eating and sleeping time. Not only that, we also shed sweats and tears, mi nd and intellect to make it. The ultimate aim of all the activities of everyone is building a happy life. To achieve it, we always try our best. But, have you ever wondered â€Å" What is money that many people who blindly pursue? What is happiness that everyoneRead MoreBeyond The Edges Of Planet Earth1509 Words   |  7 Pages We welcome you to a perfect world, A world we call Planet Z. A world that is travelled to in hopes to revive a once dull and unsatisfying life, Planet Z is an escape. It is an escape from negativity and discomfort that survives in neighboring planets. But how might one get to the point where they truly feel they have reached a fulfilling, happy life? By coming to Planet Z. On Planet Z, you will see, that we offer nothing less than a warm and welcoming community. There are homes, big and smallRead More1. Does A Good Life Require Us To Pursue Just One Intrinsic1559 Words   |  7 Pages1. Does a good life require us to pursue just one intrinsic value or several? I am a Prudential Pluralist because for me best life is combination of several values. In my perspective, mental peace is hard to achieve by just focusing and adapting on one single value. I prefer different values because â€Å"Life is not linear; you have ups and downs, it’s how you deal with the troughs that defines you†. Following just one value limit my thoughts and make my life unidirectional. As I have examinedRead MoreAristotle on the Nature of Happiness and Virtue1265 Words   |  5 Pagesfor me it is. Happiness does not depend on what we have; happiness comes from us our soul. Aristotle enshrines happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. Virtue, which Aristotle believes that is the balance between two excesses, and definitely achieved by maintaining the mean. Aristotle always asks what the ultimate purpose of human existence is. Everywhere we see people seeking pleasure, wealth, and a good reputation. But while each of these has some value, none of themRead MoreCome, Follow Me Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pageswho are searching for some measure of happiness and fulfillment.† (Lamoureux, 1) Humans naturally have an appetite or hunger for things like food, drink and money. Humans also have desires that seek satisfaction. We want to be as satisfied as possible. Humans want to know their purposes in life and finally be able to reach that ultimate goal or obstacle and complete it. In this completion, a human finds their ultimate meaning or value. When thinking of where your morality is derived from and what rulesRead MoreThe Perception Of Stress And Anxiety998 Words   |  4 Pageslikely find ways to manifest that stress through your perception on life. In addition, you won t even bother to learn how to deal with stress because you w on t believe you can. Your perception is based on your beliefs, values, and your conditioning. If you believe that life is out to get you, and you don t value your own happiness very much, and you have been conditioned to believe that there is nothing you can do when bad things happen, then your perception towards struggles and challenges isRead MoreAristotles Eudaimonia1627 Words   |  7 PagesARISTOTLES EUDAIMONIA Eudaimonia stands for happiness in Greek. Aristotle argues that the highest good for human beings is happiness. He insists that every action performed by humans is to pursue happiness. Aristotle also argues that human action is always aimed at some end or good. This good may not be viewed as a good action or any good by others, but for the doer of the action (good), the activity will be perceived as good and that it will bring a favorable outcome. Aristotle also said

Wealth and Money Free Essays

string(38) " could not have grown so big so fast\." If you wanted to get rich, how would you do it? I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That’s been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years. The word â€Å"startup† dates from the 1960s, but what happens in one is very similar to the venture-backed trading voyages of the Middle Ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Wealth and Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Startups usually involve technology, so much so that the phrase â€Å"high-tech startup† is almost redundant. A startup is a small company that takes on a hard technical problem. Lots of people get rich knowing nothing more than that. You don’t have to know physics to be a good pitcher. But I think it could give you an edge to understand the underlying principles. Why do startups have to be small? Will a startup inevitably stop being a startup as it grows larger? And why do they so often work on developing new technology? Why are there so many startups selling new drugs or computer software, and none selling corn oil or laundry detergent? The Proposition Economically, you can think of a startup as a way to compress your whole working life into a few years. Instead of working at a low intensity for forty years, you work as hard as you possibly can for four. This pays especially well in technology, where you earn a premium for working fast. Here is a brief sketch of the economic proposition. If you’re a good hacker in your mid twenties, you can get a job paying about $80,000 per year. So on average such a hacker must be able to do at least $80,000 worth of work per year for the company just to break even. You could probably work twice as many hours as a corporate employee, and if you focus you can probably get three times as much done in an hour. 1] You should get another multiple of two, at least, by eliminating the drag of the pointy-haired middle manager who would be your boss in a big company. Then there is one more multiple: how much smarter are you than your job description expects you to be? Suppose another multiple of three. Combine all these multipliers, and I’m claiming you could be 36 times more productive than y ou’re expected to be in a random corporate job. [2] If a fairly good hacker is worth $80,000 a year at a big company, then a smart hacker working very hard without any corporate bullshit to slow him down should be able to do work worth about $3 million a year. Like all back-of-the-envelope calculations, this one has a lot of wiggle room. I wouldn’t try to defend the actual numbers. But I stand by the structure of the calculation. I’m not claiming the multiplier is precisely 36, but it is certainly more than 10, and probably rarely as high as 100. If $3 million a year seems high, remember that we’re talking about the limit case: the case where you not only have zero leisure time but indeed work so hard that you endanger your health. Startups are not magic. They don’t change the laws of wealth creation. They just represent a point at the far end of the curve. There is a conservation law at work here: if you want to make a million dollars, you have to endure a million dollars’ worth of pain. For example, one way to make a million dollars would be to work for the Post Office your whole life, and save every penny of your salary. Imagine the stress of working for the Post Office for fifty years. In a startup you compress all this stress into three or four years. You do tend to get a certain bulk discount if you buy the economy-size pain, but you can’t evade the fundamental conservation law. If starting a startup were easy, everyone would do it. Millions, not Billions If $3 million a year seems high to some people, it will seem low to others. Three million? How do I get to be a billionaire, like Bill Gates? So let’s get Bill Gates out of the way right now. It’s not a good idea to use famous rich people as examples, because the press only write about the very richest, and these tend to be outliers. Bill Gates is a smart, determined, and hardworking man, but you need more than that to make as much money as he has. You also need to be very lucky. There is a large random factor in the success of any company. So the guys you end up reading about in the papers are the ones who are very smart, totally dedicated, and win the lottery. Certainly Bill is smart and dedicated, but Microsoft also happens to have been the beneficiary of one of the most spectacular blunders in the history of business: the licensing deal for DOS. No doubt Bill did everything he could to steer IBM into making that blunder, and he has done an excellent job of exploiting it, but if there had been one person with a brain on IBM’s side, Microsoft’s future would have been very different. Microsoft at that stage had little leverage over IBM. They were effectively a component supplier. If IBM had required an exclusive license, as they should have, Microsoft would still have signed the deal. It would still have meant a lot of money for them, and IBM could easily have gotten an operating system elsewhere. Instead IBM ended up using all its power in the market to give Microsoft control of the PC standard. From that point, all Microsoft had to do was execute. They never had to bet the company on a bold decision. All they had to do was play hardball with licensees and copy more innovative products reasonably promptly. If IBM hadn’t made this mistake, Microsoft would still have been a successful company, but it could not have grown so big so fast. You read "Wealth and Money" in category "Papers" Bill Gates would be rich, but he’d be somewhere near the bottom of the Forbes 400 with the other guys his age. There are a lot of ways to get rich, and this essay is about only one of them. This essay is about how to make money by creating wealth and getting paid for it. There are plenty of other ways to get money, including chance, speculation, marriage, inheritance, theft, extortion, fraud, monopoly, graft, lobbying, counterfeiting, and prospecting. Most of the greatest fortunes have probably involved several of these. The advantage of creating wealth, as a way to get rich, is not just that it’s more legitimate (many of the other methods are now illegal) but that it’s more straightforward. You just have to do something people want. Money Is Not Wealth If you want to create wealth, it will help to understand what it is. Wealth is not the same thing as money. [3] Wealth is as old as human history. Far older, in fact; ants have wealth. Money is a comparatively recent invention. Wealth is the fundamental thing. Wealth is stuff we want: food, clothes, houses, cars, gadgets, travel to interesting places, and so on. You can have wealth without having money. If you had a magic machine that could on command make you a car or cook you dinner or do your laundry, or do anything else you wanted, you wouldn’t need money. Whereas if you were in the middle of Antarctica, where there is nothing to buy, it wouldn’t matter how much money you had. Wealth is what you want, not money. But if wealth is the important thing, why does everyone talk about making money? It is a kind of shorthand: money is a way of moving wealth, and in practice they are usually interchangeable. But they are not the same thing, and unless you plan to get rich by counterfeiting, talking about making money can make it harder to understand how to make money. Money is a side effect of specialization. In a specialized society, most of the things you need, you can’t make for yourself. If you want a potato or a pencil or a place to live, you have to get it from someone else. How do you get the person who grows the potatoes to give you some? By giving him something he wants in return. But you can’t get very far by trading things directly with the people who need them. If you make violins, and none of the local farmers wants one, how will you eat? The solution societies find, as they get more specialized, is to make the trade into a two-step process. Instead of trading violins directly for potatoes, you trade violins for, say, silver, which you can then trade again for anything else you need. The intermediate stuff– the medium of exchange– can be anything that’s rare and portable. Historically metals have been the most common, but recently we’ve been using a medium of exchange, called the dollar, that doesn’t physically exist. It works as a medium of exchange, however, because its rarity is guaranteed by the U. S. Government. The advantage of a medium of exchange is that it makes trade work. The disadvantage is that it tends to obscure what trade really means. People think that what a business does is make money. But money is just the intermediate stage– just a shorthand– for whatever people want. What most businesses really do is make wealth. They do something people want. [4] The Pie Fallacy A surprising number of people retain from childhood the idea that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world. There is, in any normal family, a fixed amount of money at any moment. But that’s not the same thing. When wealth is talked about in this context, it is often described as a pie. â€Å"You can’t make the pie larger,† say politicians. When you’re talking about the amount of money in one family’s bank account, or the amount available to a government from one year’s tax revenue, this is true. If one person gets more, someone else has to get less. I can remember believing, as a child, that if a few rich people had all the money, it left less for everyone else. Many people seem to continue to believe something like this well into adulthood. This fallacy is usually there in the background when you hear someone talking about how x percent of the population have y percent of the wealth. If you plan to start a startup, then whether you realize it or not, you’re planning to disprove the Pie Fallacy. What leads people astray here is the abstraction of money. Money is not wealth. It’s just something we use to move wealth around. So although there may be, in certain specific moments (like your family, this month) a fixed amount of money available to trade with other people for things you want, there is not a fixed amount of wealth in the world. You can make more wealth. Wealth has been getting created and destroyed (but on balance, created) for all of human history. Suppose you own a beat-up old car. Instead of sitting on your butt next summer, you could spend the time restoring your car to pristine condition. In doing so you create wealth. The world is– and you specifically are– one pristine old car the richer. And not just in some metaphorical way. If you sell your car, you’ll get more for it. In restoring your old car you have made yourself richer. You haven’t made anyone else poorer. So there is obviously not a fixed pie. And in fact, when you look at it this way, you wonder why anyone would think there was. [5] Kids know, without knowing they know, that they can create wealth. If you need to give someone a present and don’t have any money, you make one. But kids are so bad at making things that they consider home-made presents to be a distinct, inferior, sort of thing to store-bought ones– a mere expression of the proverbial thought that counts. And indeed, the lumpy ashtrays we made for our parents did not have much of a resale market. How to cite Wealth and Money, Papers

Factors Affecting dropout Review of Related Literature free essay sample

Improving students’ relationships with teachers has important, positive and long-lasting implications for students’ academic and social development. Solely improving students’ relationships with their teachers will not produce gains in achievement. However, those students who have close, positive and supportive relationships with their teachers will attain higher levels of achievement than those students with more conflictual relationships. If a student feels a personal connection to a teacher, experiences frequent communication with a teacher, and receives more guidance and praise than criticism from the teacher, then the student is likely to become more trustful of that teacher, show more engagement in the academic content presented, display better classroom behavior, and achieve at higher levels academically. Positive teacher-student relationships draw students into the process of learning and promote their desire to learn. (Kaufman, 2013). Teachers who foster positive relationships with their students create classroom environments more conducive to learning and meet students’ developmental, emotional and academic needs. Here are some concrete examples of closeness between a teacher and a student: 1) A seven-year-old girl who is experiencing divorce at home goes to her former first grade teacher in the mornings for a hug of encouragement, even though she is now in the second grade; 2) A fourth grade boy who is struggling in math shows comfort in admitting to his teacher that he needs help with multiplying and dividing fractions; 3) A middle school girl experiences bullying from other students and approaches her social studies teacher to discuss it because she trusts that the teacher will listen and help without making her feel socially inept (Kaufman, 2013). Higher student dropout rates have been associated with the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of teachers and other school staff toward students. Schools with higher dropout rates report that students perceive school staff as uncaring, not interested in students as individuals, and not helpful. For primarily, a teacher’s job is to nurture and guide a student to succeed similar to what a parental figure might do (Hardre and Reeve 2003:353). When a student is not engaged in class work because they feel like their teacher is not helping them they begin to get aggravated. If a student is upset then they will think negatively about how well they are doing in school and how well they will be able to do in the future. â€Å"Hence, much can be gained in both theory and practice by thinking about dropout as not only an achievement issue but also a motivational issue†(Hardre and Reeve 2003:354). Academic Performance Students with poor academic achievement (poor grades, history of course failure) and a history of retention (repeating one or more grades) are more likely to drop out. Students with low academic engagement (time on task, credit accrual) are also at higher risk for dropping out ( Lan, W. Lanthier, R. ,2003). Students, who have negative attitudes toward school, consider schoolwork irrelevant, do not like school, and do not feel they fit in. These are critical indicators for dropping out (Lan Lanthier, 2003). Foreign Literature Financial Resources The direct and indirect costs of schooling can exclude some children from school. One of the most important direct costs underlying the process of drop out is school fees where these are levied. Thus school fees were found to be a potent reason for drop out of 27 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls before matriculation in South Africa (Hunter and May, 2002). Many countries have now adopted fee free for the basic education cycle because of the effects on participation. Some have also introduced capitation systems to offset the loss in school income. But other charges and indirect costs continue to be an obstacle to enrolment of the poorest households (Lewin, 2008). Thus the costs of pens/pencils, copybooks, private coaching, transportation, and school uniform remain a relative economic burden for poor households (Ananga, 2011 forthcoming). Lack of money to buy essential school materials for children’s schooling is likely to cause lack of enrolment in the first place and potentially high dropout at a later stage (Kadzamira and Rose, 2003). This is the case in Kenya, where dropout rates among the children of economically vulnerable families have gone up due to lack of resources to pay for the costs of education for their children that are not covered by the fee free educational policy (Mukudi, 2004). The ‘cost-sharing’ policy of Kenya compelled parents to pay about 65 percent of school costs, which caused many poor children to drop out (Ackers, Migoli and Nzomo, 2001). The opportunity cost of schooling is the income forgone of the next best activity available for children who are in education. These activities relate to child labour or caring responsibilities both within and outside of the household (see Section 2. 2 above). The opportunity cost for children who are in schooling often increases as they get older, which increases the pressure on them to withdraw from school (Colclough, Rose and Tembon, 2000). In Bangalore, India, for example, if the wage earnings of parents are low children may be called to supplement household income either by working or by taking on other household responsibilities to free up other household members for work (Chugh, 2004). This is likely to increase the risk that children drop out from education Family Context In particular the relationship of the child with other members of the household and the child’s responsibilities may be important determinants of school dropout (Rose and Al-Samarrai, 2001; Khanam, 2008). In many poor countries children combine school with work (at home or away from home) in order to satisfy household needs (Admassie, 2003). Classroom setting and academic performance Students in well-ventilated classrooms perform significantly better on standardized tests than their peers who receive inadequate fresh air, according to newly published research conducted by The University of Tulsa’s Indoor Air Program. â€Å"Far too many schools fall short of providing a healthy learning environment for children. By doing something as simple as introducing more fresh air into the classroom, schools potentially could help every student perform at a higher level,† said Richard Shaughnessy, program director of Indoor Air Quality Research at TU and a research associate in the Department of Chemical Engineering. The study suggests that increasing classroom ventilation rates toward recommended guidelines translates into improved academic achievement. Reaching the recommended guidelines and pursuing better understanding of the underlying relationships would support sustainable and productive school environments for students and personnel. Eric Hanushek, an economist at the University of Rochester, has published numerous articles in which he finds that few â€Å"school inputs†Ã¢â‚¬â€student-teacher ratios, spending per student, teacher education, teacher experience, and teacher pay—ultimately have an effect on student performance as measured by test scores. His conclusions are reached after a statistical analysis of data from numerous studies by various researchers, and is well-respected due to the breadth of his coverage. However, it is important to note that Hanushek does not believe that school inputs never produce an effect in the classroom, just that there is no reason to expect consistent improved student performance by tweaking school inputs. This conclusion, of course, has been disputed by other researchers. David Card and Alan Krueger sought to qualify Hanushek’s conclusions, accepting the broad premise (â€Å"class size reduction does not independently work to increase student achievement across the board†) but refuting its application to all cases. Card and Krueger maintain that there are significant advantages to be realized by maintaining small (